Metrics

Transportation as a Service can be provided if access to the airspace over public Right of Ways is governed by the 5X5 Performance Standard of:

Exceed efficiency of current approved transport modes by 5 times.
Pays 5% of gross transportation revenues for non-exclusive use of Rights of Way.

Uber, Lyft, and urban scooters are just the beginning of how Transportation as a Service will develop.

Current public policies are the cause of Climate Change and growing economic hardship. Moving 2 tons to move a person forces Americans to pay about $2.76 trillion per year on traffic. 16% of our income ($813/monrh) is spent on transportation. Often with some difficulty of finding a spot, cars are pared 95% of the time.

$756 billion per year for oil.
$871 billion per year in accidents, alternate data source.
- 40,100 road-deaths in 2017.
- 2.31 million injuries in 2013.
$305 billion per year in congestion.
$109 billion per year in car damage from poor road maintenance.
$723 billion per year in land use at $1 per square foot per year (cost of a garden plot, apartments are normally $2-5 square foot per month with mulitple floors in a single square foot of land).

About $1 trillion per year of costs can be recovered as value (customer savings and profitable revenue). Link to PowerPoint and KeyNote presentation. There is over a $trillion per year of waste that can be converted to profits and customer savings by repeating in transportation the success of restoring communication infrastructure to free markets in 1982.

Grade-separation, robotics, and solar collect can convert 70% of current urban traffic costs into jobs, customer savings, and profits. JPods patent (6,810,817):

Networks of self-driving cars: “A method of controlling a transportation System for moving people, freight, and any combination whereof using a distributed network of intelligent devices without requiring the aid of a human driver”
Solar-powered mobility networks: “The method... providing... Solar and wind power generators integrated into the physical Structure of Said transportation System....”

Business plans and calculations.

Injury Rates per Million

There are several regulatory frameworks in existence for carrying passengers:

ASTM Interentation F24 are used by most State Departments of Commerce to police theme park rides and owners. At JPods we think of theme parks as communities designed around pedestrians. There are powerful thrill rides, but they must be design to both please their riders and be safe to riders and pedestrians. Theme parks have an injury-rate of 0.2 per million. A side from a excellent safety record, there is a century of well established common law. Building privately owned JPods networks to this standards creates a known cost of regulation and legal compliance. Using this standard should eventually make traveling and walking in cities as safe as theme parks.
Morgantown's PRT network is also self-regulated with a zero injury-rate since it openend in Trish Nixon did the ribbon cutting in Oct 1972. This self-regulated behavior prevents replicating the success of Morgantown by privately owned mobility networks.
Automated People Mover (APM) standards by American Society of Civil Engineering (ASCE) regulates people movers such as at airports. This standard has been used to deliver systems to government agencies that have sovereign immunity, it lacks long standing common law of the ASTM.
DOTs are self-regulated with a death-rate of 106 per million. DOTs' death rate and DOTs protecting their existing transport networks from free market competition by PRT since Morgantown underscore why Commerce Department of State governments should regulate private mobility networks using their existing expertice with the ASTM standard.

Parasitic Energy Ratio

This is a very simplified way to measure the waste that can be turned into profits and customer savings.

Multiplying the applications of power (start-stops) times the kinetic energy of the moving mass divided by the payload mass the constants and velocity squared cancel to provide a relatively simplified formula.

Moving a two tons to move a person in repetitively start-stop traffic is very expensive, wasteful, and polluting

Data:

There are 33.7 kilowatt-hours in a gallon of gasoline.
An average person generates about 100 watts an hour. A gallon of gas is equal to 42 days of 8 hour effort.
Working out hard:
- The average fit person can produce about 3 watts/kg or 1.36 watts/pound. An 80 kg or 176 pound person 240 watts
  - 140 hours of effort in a gallon of gas
- Top amateurs produce 5 watts/kg or 2.27 watts/pound. An 80 kg or 176 pound person 400 watts
  - 84.2 hours of effort in a gallon of gas
- Elite athletes achieve 6 watts/kg or 2.72 watts/pound. An 80 kg or 176 pound person 480 watts
  - 70.2 hours of effort in a gallon of gas

This is also a good way to understand the value of a gallon of gasoline. Steps:

Park your car in your driveway empty of gasoline.
Put in one gallon into your tank.
Get 5 of your strongest friends.
Drive until you run out of gas.
Push your car home. It will take you between 3 (very hard working friends) to 7 (normal person) days working 8 hours a day.

Reducting the Parastic Mass (2-tons) of the vehicle, eliminating start-stops, radically cuts energy costs.

In the video below a JPod is suspended from a guideway in front of Boston City Hall. The small girl pushing her mom in a JPods vehicle is capable of only about 35 watts of power. Judeth (74 years old) pushing two people is not expending 100 watts. Accelerating requires power. Maintaining momentum requires very little power. Personalizing trip to be non-stop from origin to destination saves energy.

Clever Uber youtube of the foolishness of moving people in two-ton boxes.

The Broken Algorithm That Poisoned American Transportation
Is the Juice Worth the Squeeze. South Carolina Traffic Costs by Vince Graham

Ad from CSX shows what is known to be practical

Economic Work as measured by Costs per Passenger-mile

Two costs must be considered, those capitalized into the price of the actual transportation and those socialized into pollution and resource depletion against the welfare of Posterity. The following graph uses MassDOT data to compare cost per passenger-mile and pollution per passenger-mile for various modes of transportation. Charting Public Transit’s Decline

Solar-powered mobility networks have no operational pollution and much lower cost of operation.
Mass transit buses produce more pollution per passenger-mile than cars.
Mass transit trains are nearly as polluting as cars.

Net Energy: Economically useful energy per unit of energy required to obtain that energy. Oil used to be 100:1 but has depleted to 3:1. Solar is 25:1 for wind and 20:1 for photovoltaics. Very good 18 minute summary of Energy Economics. Candidates and policies that support improved Net Energy will create jobs from surplus energy.

Thomas Edison was correct when he observed in 1910 that:

"Sunshine is spread out thin and so is electricity. Perhaps they are the same, Sunshine is a form of energy, and the winds and the tides are manifestations of energy.”

“Do we use them? Oh, no! We burn up wood and coal, as renters burn up the front fence for fuel. We live like squatters, not as if we owned the property.

“There must surely come a time when heat and power will be stored in unlimited quantities in every community, all gathered by natural forces. Electricity ought to be as cheap as oxygen...."

Food Metrics: A typical person needs about 2,000 food calories, or 2,000 kcal per day with little physical activity. This equates to 2.33 kWh or 1 megawatt-hour per year. People who are physically active it may be significantly higher (30 – 150% more).

Energy Consumption: The typical American uses 88.5 megaWatt-Hours of energy per year. Cutting all energy use 45% would put the average American at 48.7 megaWatt-Hours, or roughly the same as the 47.2 megaWatt-Hours used by the average German.

Economic Work: energy and transportation should thought of aspects of creating and delivering economic value. The physics definition of work is force applied to mass. The economy is a momentum artifact, a flywheel of labor applying energy to produce, store and distribute energy. Life requires energy. If I had a choice, money would be back by energy, not debt or gold.

Ref: "Is the technology off the shelf ready?"

The technology to power our lives within a solar budget are mundane. If you can ride vertically in an elevator, why should you not be able to go horizontally by similar mechanism? JPods are incredibly simple mechanics and clever software programming. You can see similar technologies:

At Kiva Systems ($33 million investment from Bain Capital in mid-2000s and sold themselves to
The Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) network built in Morgantown, WV as a solution to the 1973 Oil Embargo has delivered 110 million oil-free, injury-free passenger-miles (link to video, Congressional Office of Technology Assessment study PB-244854, audit and letter from the Mayor of Morgantown).
Hyperloop and ET3. Why are governments funding magnetic levitation of a thousand-ton train when a 400 pound pod can be deviated in a vacuum tube and travel using 1/50th the energy.

Metrics for Sustainable Infrastructure are:

Disposable Energy
Net Energy
CO2 per Passenger-mile (per unit of Economic Work)
Economic Work, Cost per Passenger-mile (per unit of Economic Work)
Parasitic Energy Ratio

Disposable Energy: How much energy can people buy with their take-home-pay. How much energy can people afford to pursuit happiness? How much energy can labor buy to apply to building enonomic momentum.

Real Estate Consumption versus Green Space Recovery

Gas Prices as Unemployment Forecaster

US Oil Production As Metric of Economic Security

"Energy resources are the reserve account behind currency. The economy can grow as long as there is surplus affordable energy in that account." Art Berman

The energy behind the US dollar is depleting at the rate of 1 million barrel per day per year.

The Law of Supply and Demand has been clear since US Peak Oil in 1970. As US oil fields depleted gas prices ratched higher at an average of 7.3% per year, 14.1% since China and India became significant importers in 1998. Note that US Federal debt increased in tandem with oil imports. It is likely gas prices will jump much higher as the dollar loses its monopoly in the world oil-trade. China is to force the Saudis to start trading in the Yuan.

To change the energy behind their economies:

Saudi Arabia announced their $2 trillion “Post-oil Era” fund.
China announced a $50 trillion solar grid.
There is a $100 Trillion Shift From 'Just-In-Time' To 'Just-In-Case’ energy.
Currently the Federal government is protecting their oil-powered monopoly and failing to warn the American people they must adapt to become energy self-reliant, 1 Mb/d Oil Depletion Vs. EIA's Rosy Forecast

Changing the lifeblood of American from oil to ingenuity will create millions of jobs, save families a car payment per month. The risk in America is that the crisis of 2008 will repeat by between 2017 and 2020 as gas prices crush jobs. Since Peak Fracking in June 2015 the US has the equivalent of one 1973 Oil Embargo less energy. By 2017 this will be three. It will be a nightmare.

Steps to take:

Recognize Illicit Energy, dependence on energy outside self-reliance. Federal support for Illicit Energy from foreign oil repeats the Path to War of Federal support for Illicit Energy from slavery.
Face the brutal fact that US Peak Oil was in 1970.
Leverage transportation as the catalyst for changing energy systems

Transportation has always been the catalyst for changing energy systems:

Paddle a canoe, build a water wheel.
Sail a boat, build a windmill.
Ride a horse, harness a horse to a plow.
Railroads in the 1860s allowed the extraction industries to scale from $100 a barrel for oil to $3.
JPods and other solar-powered mobility networks will result in displacing fossil fuels with solar.

It requires a 10x cost savings for people to change their habits. Luck for use, solar-powered mobility networks have cost savings of 10x (over cars) and 10x to 50x (over mass transit). People will vote for policies that increase jobs and save them a car payment per month.

As with the near century of rotary dial telephones under Federal monopoly, the barrier to transportation innovation is the unconstitutional Federal highway monopoly. Here is a 2006 Fox News story on the gargage quality JPods network.

FastCompany article with excellent links to metrics: 12 foolproof ways to get cars out of cities